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Saturday, July 4, 2009

Percussion Instruments Through the Ages

By David Zed

While the human voice was unquestionably the first musical instrument known to humanity, archaeologists and anthropologists agree that percussion instruments followed quickly on the heels of this discovery. Percussion was first made with feet and hands, followed by sticks, rocks and whatever else happened to be available. With the invention of tools for use in hunting and agriculture came more advanced drums, as the same cutting tools could be used to turn a hollow log into a slit drum for louder sounds and a set of logs to be cut into a primitive ancestor of the modern drum kit.

As time moved on, so is the evolution of percussion instruments. In the early 10th century, it was known that most tribes in Africa use sorts of percussions such as djembe, macaras used in Latin America, karimbas in Asia and seed rattles in Australia for their recreational and worship rituals and sometimes used in sending signals.

Many of the percussion instruments were familiar with in the western world come from the Balkans, the Levant and elsewhere in the near east. European percussion instruments advanced with the import of drums and other instruments brought back by returning crusaders in the 11th to 13th centuries.

Percussion instruments vary widely in their function within musical ensembles depending on their construction and size; they may produce a strictly percussive sound or have a tonal effect which can be a melodic element. Usually working alongside lower pitched brass and stringed instruments, percussion forms the rhythmic backbone of a composition in performance.

Bass and percussion form the rhythm section in most forms of popular music; this stands in contrast with the majority of orchestral and chamber music composed before the 20th century, where percussion instruments are for the most part confined to a supporting role. In modern works, however, percussion instruments are occasionally allowed to get their fair share of the listeners attention.

In the 18th and 19th centuries, more percussion instruments (like the cymbals or triangles) came to being and frequently, again moderately and cautiously played in general. The massive uses of percussion instruments become more recurrent in the 20th century, on classical music.

Although not always the center of attention, percussion instruments are indispensible to almost every modern musical genre. Military and marching bands use percussion to provide the rhythm not only for the music being performed, but for the pace of marching soldiers. Jazz is in the minds of many synonymous with the sound of the ride cymbal, the brushed snare drum and the hi-hat " and its hard to imagine rock music in any style without percussion. From rhythm and blues to heavy metal, hip hop, country and other genres, percussion is the backbone of popular music.

Some musical groups perform compositions which are written solely for percussion instruments. The versatility of percussion instruments is such that there are instruments which can provide melodic and harmonic voices as well as those which simply provide a beat. Watching one of these percussion ensembles in action is something which is truly amazing to see. - 18780

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