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Thursday, June 18, 2009

Arabs Introduced the Oud to Europe

By Steve West

The pear-shaped stringed instrument the oud is believed to be the western lutes predecessor. It does not have frets. This musical instrument is still being played in Arabia, Armenia, Greece, Iran, Israel, and Turkey.

Oud and lute are words that appear to have come from the Arabic al-d, a lean wooden piece like in the shape of a straw. It could be referring to the wooded plectrum used to play the lute traditionally, or to the slim wooden strips used to make the instruments back part. It could also mean the top which is made of wood.

Although, some research have suggested that d is just the Arabization of the Persian rud; string, stringed instrument, or lute. The instrument is also widely used in Azerbaijan, where it is called an ud. The instrument has existed in Azerbaijan since the 7th century.

It is highly probable that is was the Arabs who took with them the instrument to Western Europe in 711 AD, when they erected the Umayyad Caliphate of Al-Andalus on the Iberian Peninsula. Or the instrument could have wound its way to the Iberian Peninsula much earlier in the form of the ancient Roman pandura and Greek pandoura. Although, it is established that the royal houses of Al-Andalus cultivated the environment that increased the popularity of the instrument.

The legendary Zyriab was the most celebrated player of the instrument in Al-Andalus during his time. He created Spains very first music conservatory. He also developed technique, adding the instruments fifth course.

This instruments European version became the lute, luth in French, luit in Dutch, laute in German, liuto in Italian, and alaud in Spanish. The word luthier, a stringed instrument maker, comes from the French luth. The European lute is distinguished from the Middle Eastern version by the use of frets.

Legends tell of Lamech, Adams sixth grandson, conceiving the instrument. His son died, and in his grief, Lamech hung the body of his son from a tree. The shape of the bleached skeleton of his son gave him the idea to make the first oud. - 18780

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